African-American soprano was forced to sing in Europe
mainCharlotte Holloman, who has died in Washington aged 93, belonged to a generation of singers who faced a colour bar in US opera houses.
After a strong debut at New York Town Hall, Charlotte studied in London and Berlin and made her start in German opera houses in Essen and Saarbrücken. Then she returned to the US to the only career available to a singer of her race: teaching.
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